I have done
PRESENT PERFECT
Terms used here
Past participle verb: Verb go has went as past form and gone as past participle form (Please refer grammar page.)
Haven’t = Have not
Adverb = Adverb tells some information about the verb (e.g. He runs fast) in the example, run is a verb, the word fast gives some information about the verb run.
Adverbial of time: It indicates the time of an event. Yesterday, last week etc.
When to use this tense?
This tense shouldn’t be confused with the past tense In past tense time adverbial (yesterday last week ect. ) is indicated.
It is probably the commonest tense in The English language and also the most difficult to learn (Don’t worry we will simplify this for you.)
The term perfect denotes, completion (perfection) of an action by now (at the time of speaking). In fact it is a kind of present tense. The speaker and listener of this tense are only interested in a state of completion of an action or event at time of speaking. Time adverbial (last week , yesterday etc. are not used with this tense.)
Adverbs like just, is mostly used with this tense. Please note, just is not used in barely, or merely sense, it is used as a part of the sentence structure.
The past perfect tense in English is totally different from its counterpart in languages like French, German, Spanish and Italian.
Present perfect tense is not used in story telling.
Difference between past tense and present perfect tense
Past tense – I saw Rachel Yesterday. I have seen Rachel yesterday.
Present perfect – I have attended the meeting. I have attended the meeting yesterday.
Activity to understand Present perfect
Context
In a class room setting, a teacher enters the class room, she asks Peter to open a book and she instructs Mary to close the window.
Teacher: Peter, Open your book.
Teacher: Mary, What has Peter done?
Mary: He has just opened the book.
Teacher: Mary, close the window.
Teacher: Peter, what has she done?
Peter: She has just closed the window.
General pattern of the sentences- Five types (with subjects I/we/you/they)
I/we/you/they + have + Past participle verb+ information/news etc. – Simple sentence
e.g. They have seen the film.
I/we/you/they + haven’t + past participle verb + information. - Negative sentence.
e.g. They haven’t seen the film.
Have I/we/you/they + past participle verb + information. – ‘yes/no’ question
e.g. Have you seen the film?
Haven’t + I/we/you/they + past participle verb + information.- Negative ‘yes’/no question
e.g. Haven’t they seen the film? = Have they not seen the film?
‘Wh’ word + have + I/we/you/they +past participle verb. – ‘wh’ word question.
e.g. What have they seen?
NOTE: They include all plural nouns, pronouns, common nouns, etc.(Please refer grammar page). All the five types can be uttered in eight or more moods of utterance.
General pattern of the sentences- Five types (with the subject He/she/it)
He/she/it + has + Past participle verb+ information/ news etc. – Simple sentence
e.g. She has seen the film.
He/she/it + has + past participle verb + information. - Negative sentence.
e.g. He hasn’t seen the film.
Has he/she/it + past participle verb + information. – ‘yes/no’ question
e.g. Has he seen the film?
Hasn’t he/she/it + past participle verb + information.- Negative ‘yes’/no question
e.g. Hasn’t he seen the film? = Has he not seen the film?
‘Wh’ word + has + past participle verb. – ‘wh’ word question.
e.g. What has he seen?
NOTE: He/she/it include all nouns, pronouns, collective nouns, proper nouns, common nouns, noun phrases etc.(Please refer grammar page). All the above five types can be uttered in one or more moods of utterance.
MORE SENTENCES
Simple statement, message etc.
He has gone to the office.
Mary has brought some apples.
I have bought a new car today.Where is Shane? She has gone to the school.
We have attended the English class.
Negatives
I haven’t seen the London Bridge.
He hasn’t finished his lunch yet.
Where is my pen ? I don’t know I haven’t taken it.
Rachel hasn’t read the paper. The servant hasn’t brought it.
Julia hasn’t purchased her monthly provision yet.
We haven’t attended the English class yesterday
Mary hasn’t finished cooking yet. It’s already eleven.
Questions (yes/no)
Have you read the news paper? No I haven’t
Have Paul and Mary arrived? Not yet They are on the way.
Has Susan started learning? No. She starts next week.
Have you purchased new dress, for Id festival? Not yet
Have you attended Wednesday’s class? No I haven’t.
Have they won the match? Yes, They have,…. by 3 runs.
Have you visited Texas ? Yes once.
Has she gone to the school? Yes, she has .
Questions ‘wh’
Where has she gone? She has gone to the bank.
Who has come? The Bank Manager has come.
Who has come with you? My father has come with me.
Who has done this mistake? I/ We don’t know.
How many times has England won the world cup in cricket? I am not lsure.
Where have you got this news from? Through net.
Have you ever visited Canada? No
Mixed sentences
Who is the person next to Rachel? I don’t know I haven’t seen him/her before.
Where is Sarah? She has already left.
Is Joe here? he has just left.
I have seen this women before, but I don’t remember her name.
Does Albert know that you are going to Canada? No, I haven’t told him yet.
My mom has never traveled by air.
Hello Brian where have you gone? I was searching for you.
Where is Jack? He is not here. I think he has gone.
John, this is Joe, I know him we have studied in the same college
.
.
Present perfect with already, just, yet etc.
What time are your parents coming?
They have already arrived.
Jim: Clara has bought a new dress.
Jack: She hasn’t worn it yet.
Rachel: This is my new Dish washer.
Shane: Oh’ it is nice. Have you used it yet?
Jack: Joe, this is Sarah
Joe: Yes, I know her, I have already met her.
Principal: Is Jim there?
Staff: No, I am afraid he has just gone.
Jack: Are you hungry?
Joe: No, I just had lunch.
Mary: Has he started his new business yet?
Clara: No, he starts next month.
In the News
Dollar has fallen against Euro.
Bad weather has delayed the president’s plane.
English Team has crushed Australians.
The Government has agreed to Rebels conditions.
Pirates have released hostages.
We have decided to crush terrorism in our soil : President
China has decided to launch another lunar probe soon.
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NOTE: In the above ad punch lines, the usage of the word have is implicit
Question Tags
She hasn’t finished her lunch. Has she?
They have gone home. Haven’t they
Susan has played well. Hasn’t’ she.
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