I am writing, we are watching (Present Cont.)
TERMS USED :
Subject: The person or thing that we speak about in a sentence is called subject
A subject can be a noun, pronoun, common noun, collective noun adjectives etc.,
Object : Person or a thing which is affected by the subject is called object.
Jim is reading a news paper. (Jim = subject , news paper = object)
Yes/no: question: The question for which the response would be either ‘yes’ or ‘no’
‘Wh’ word/question: The questions that start with ‘wh’ words what/when/why/where/how etc.The response to this question will be a complete one.
Verb: (Present participle form): The present participle verb form of go is going
The past participle verb form of go is gone
Noun Phrase: President is visiting here tomorrow ( President = Noun)
President of Industrial Banks is visiting here tomorrow. (President of Industrial Banks = noun phrase)
We are familiar with the time concept, the Tense stands for series of verb forms, Tense vary in different languages, Tenses tell us if an action or state is,present, past or future (Tine).
Different tense forms
She plays well.
She is playing well.
She will play well.
She has played well.
She will be playing well.
She has been playing well.
In the above sentences the same verb ‘play ’ takes different forms. The verb ‘play’ is called base form
Tense of a verb indicates the time of action (present/past/future), it also shows continuation or completion of an action. Different tenses take different verb forms (Please visit grammar page) . Knowledge of tenses is very much essential for sentence formation. There are 12 tenses in English.
Tenses - A quick look
1. They go to college every day - Simple Present tense
2. They are going to college – Present progressive tense (also called continuous tense)
3. They have gone to college – Present perfect (Non-Progressive)
4. They have been going to college – Present perfect – progressive.( present perfect continuous)
5. They went to college – Simple past
6. They were going to college – Past progressive (Past continuous.)
7. They had gone to college – Past perfect –Non- progressive
8. They had been going to college – past perfect progressive (past perfect continuous)
9. They will go to college – Future simple
10.They will be going …. – Future progressive (Future continuous.)
11.They will have gone …..– Future perfect- Non progressive (Future continuous)
12. They will have been travelling – Future perfect Progressive (Future perfect continuous)
Oh, so many tenses! Don’t get tensed up we will water it down to everyone’s expectations.
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE/CONTINUOUS TENSE
We have seen present simple in session 14. Shall we discuss present progressive/present continuous tense?
Present progressive tense is used to talk about temporary actions and situations
When to use this tense ?(General)
Action that is happening now and is not yet completed.
e.g. Jim is reading a news paper.
To say something that is going on (not at the time of speaking)
e.g. John is studying in a college.
To say something planned in future
e.g. I am going to Perth tomorrow.
Usage with always
e.g. My aunt is always forgetting things/making mistakes.
A - Sentence pattern we/you/they- (Five types of spoken sentences)
We/you/they + are + present participle verb (ing verb form) + information/news etc. – e.g. They are waiting at the bus top. – simple sentence.
We/you/they + are not/aren’t + present participle verb (ing verb form) + information e.g. they aren’t waiting – at the bus stop - Negative sentence.
Are + we/you/they + present participle verb (ing verb form) + information. e.g. Are they waiting at the bus stop?- yes/no question.
Aren’t + we/you/they + present participle verb + information. e.g. Aren’t they waiting at the bus stop? – Negative yes/no negative question.
‘wh’ word + are + we/you/they + present participle verb. e.g. Where are they waiting? / What are they doing? ‘wh’ word question
NOTE: They includes all plural nouns, pronouns, common nouns, collective nouns, proper nouns , noun phrases etc. All the above five types can be spoken in eight or more moods of utterance.
B - Sentence pattern with subject ‘I’ (Five types of spoken sentences)
I am waiting at the bus stop. – Simple sentence
I am not waiting at the bus stop. – Negative sentence
Am I waiting at the bus stop? – Yes/No question.
Am I not waiting at the bus stop?/ Aren’t I waiting at the bus stop? – ‘Yes/No negative question.
Where am I waiting ? – ‘wh’ question (A tizzy person may pose such a question, after gaining sense.)
NOTE: All the above five types can be uttered in eight or more moods of utterance.
C -Sentence pattern with he/she/it (Five types of spoken sentences)
He/she/it + is + present participle verb (ing verb form) + information/news etc. e.g. She is waiting at the bus top. – simple sentence.
He/she/it + is + not + present participle verb (ing verb form) + information e.g. she is not waiting at the bus stop - Negative sentence. (Is not = isn’t)
Is/ he/she/it + present participle verb (ing form) + information. e.g. Is she waiting at the bus stop?- yes/no question.
Isn’t he/she/it + present participle verb + information. e.g. Isn’t he/she/it waiting at the bus stop? – Negative yes/no question. (Is she not = isn’t she)
‘wh’ word + is + he/she/it + present participle verb. e.g. Where is she waiting? / What is she doing? – ‘wh’ word question
NOTE: he/she/it include all singular nouns, pronouns, common nouns, collective nouns, proper nouns , noun phrases etc. All the above five types can be uttered in eight or more moods of utterance.
SIMPLE STATEMENT/INFORMATION/NEWS
He is studying in an Engineering college.
Rachel is having dinner.
We are watching TV , please don’t disturb.
I am having lunch, please call me later.
She is wearing a new dress.
I am learning English at AICE academy.
It’s raining, take an umbrella.
I am doing business, I am not studying.
Joe is having shower/bath. ( action is taking place at the time of talking)
They are swimming in the lake near the college.
My grandfather is always forgetting things.
‘Excuse me you are sitting in my seat’, ‘Oh, I am sorry’
Where is Linda? In kitchen. What is she doing? She is cooking something.
NEGATIVES
Shane is not having dinner, she is having coffee.
They are not, watching TV they are having tea.
She is not cooking, she is reading a news paper.
I am not waiting for the bus, I am waiting for my friend.
He is not sleeping, he is watching TV.
‘YES/NO’ QUESTIONS
Are you having lunch now? No, I am watching TV.
Are you waiting for Rachel? No I am waiting for the bus.
Is she feeling OK, Yes she is fine.
Is she preparing tea? Yes, For whom? For her friends.
Is it raining? No it isn’t.
Is Albert attending the class regularly? Yes he is.
Are you coming tonight? I am not sure.
Is you father working in a bank? Yes, Which bank? City bank, Where is it? At New Delhi.
‘Wh’ QUESTIONS
What is Ann doing? She is having breakfast.
What are the students doing? They are playing.
Who are you waiting for? I am waiting for Paul.
What is Joe having? Tea or coffee. Tea
Where is Kate ? She is in the garden. What is she doing? Watering the plants.
NEGATIVE QUESTIONS (yes/no)
Aren’t you feeling well? (or) Are you not feeling well? Yes I have a headache.
Isn’t she working in a bank? No, she is working in Railways.
FUTURE PLANS
I am having meeting tomorrow. Are you coming with me? Sorry I have work.
I am staying at home this evening, you can meet me at 8 tonight.
The president is coming next week.
What time are you leaving for New York ? At 6.00 this evening.
There is a cricket match tomorrow, but we are not going to the stadium.
Question tag
She is not coming with us. Is she?
They are not writing. Are they?
I am writing ….. . Aren’t I?
They are cleaning the room. Aren’t they
President is coming tomorrow. Isn’t he/she
Short responses
Are you reading that news paper? Yes I am/ No I am not.
Is she doing well. Yes she is/No she isn’t
Isn’t he doing well ? No, he isn’t
Aren’t they writing? Yes they are/No they aren’t
Aren’t you watching TV ? Yes I am / No I am not.
Passive voice (Elementary level)
The subject in the active voice becomes object in the passive voice. In passive voice the verb used is past participle form.
Somebody is repairing my bike. - Active form. (Somebody= subject, my bike= object)
My bike is being repaired by someone. - Passive form.
Someone is knocking the door.(A)
The door is being knocked by someone (P)
We are repairing the ship. (A)
The ship is being repaired by us (P) ( For subject object conversion please visit grammar page)
News headlines
UN Chief is coming next week.
We are not giving away our rights to IMF: Governor
The Dam level is raising at an alarming rate: Local authorities sounded alert
Miners are trapped, rescuers are working round the clock.
Protestors are demanding more jobs.
Applications are being issued at the college counter. (In passive voice)
Trouble makers are being arrested: security chief (In passive voice)
The oil spill near coast is being cleaned. (In passive form)
Present progressive tense In ads
Are you being taken for a ride? Save with our new travel plans- Rock Travels Arkansas.
Is inflation taxing you ? – Contact Bermuda Financial consultants - Sydney.
Searching for luxury living space ? Your search ends here – Contact Blue lagoon space dwellings.
Suffering from chronic ailments? Visit Green Remedies – Contact 234567654-90
Hunting for Job? Visit BSC Placement cell – New YorK
No comments:
Post a Comment