TENSE (Present ) I go , we go, she goes
The Two words Time and Tense must
not be confused . The time is divided
into present past and future , the time has nothing to do with the language, on the other hand tenses stand for forms of a verb (e.g. different forms of the verb take is taking, taken etc.)
TERMS USED IN THIS SESSION
Subject : In a sentence we speak about someone or something. The someone or something is called subject. (eg. I, we, you, they, he, she, it, nouns,pronouns, collective nouns, common nouns, proper nouns, noun phrases etc)
Noun phrase: Mt. Everest is in Asia. (Mt. Everest = noun)
Mt. Everest the Highest peak in the world is in Asia. ( Mt Everest,the highest peak in the world = noun phrase
‘yes/no’ question: The question for which the response is either 'yes' or 'no'
'wh' word question: The question for which there is a complete response.
First person : The speaker (I,we)
Second person: The listener (you)
Third person : About whom the first and second person speak (he/she/it) - The term 'Person' also denotes animals things etc.
Present form of the verb: In the verb forms ( see ,saw and seen etc.) the base verb (see) is the present form of the verb
He types fast.
He is typing fast.
He was typing fast.
He will be typing.
He has typed.
He has been typing.
In the above sentences the same verb ‘type’ takes different forms
Tense of a verb indicates the time of action (present/past/future etc.), it also shows continuation or completion of an action. Different tenses take different verb forms (Please visit grammar page) . Knowledge of tenses is very much essential for sentence formation. There are nearly 12 tenses namely, present (simple), present continuous, present perfect, present perfect continuous, past (simple), past continuous, past perfect, past perfect continuous, future, future continuous, future perfect and future perfect continuous. Out of these, nine are widely used.
When to use this tense?
- To express habitual action e.g. He prays five times a day.
- To express universal truth e.g. The sun rises in the East.
- To express future action e.g. She comes tomorrow.
- Sports commentaries e.g. The captain scores 75 (runs.)
- News paper headlines e.g. The home land minister resigns.
- Used in exclamatory sentences e.g. Here comes the movie star.
A - Sentence pattern (I/we/you/they as a subject)
1.Simple sentence (message/news/information etc.) – I/we/you/they + present form of the verb + information (other words)
e.g. They go to college by bus.
2. Negative sentence – I/we/you/they + don’t + present form of the verb + information.
e.g. They don’t go to college by bus. ( do not = don’t)
3. ‘yes/no’ question - Do + I/we/you/they + present form of the verb + information.
e.g. Do they go to college by bus?
4. Negative ‘yes/no’ question – Don’t + I/we/you/they + present form of the verb + information.
e.g. don’t they go to college by bus?
5. “Wh’ word question – ‘Wh’ word + do + I/we/you/they + Present form of the verb + information.
e.g. How do they go to college?
NOTE:
They includes all nouns, pronouns, common nouns, proper nouns, collective nouns, noun phrases etc. (Plural form)
Type 3 sentence is used as an argument or as a surprise statement.
“Do’ is dropped in fast speech.
B - Sentence pattern (he/she/it as a subject )
1. simple sentence (message/news/information etc.) – He/she/it + present form of the verb with ‘s’ + information.
e.g. Julia goes to college buy bus. (Julia = she)
2. Negative sentence – He/she/it + doesn’t + present form of the verb + information (does not = doesn’t)
e.g. She doesn’t go to college by bus.
3. ‘yes/no’ question - Does + he/she/it + present form of the verb + information
e.g. Does she go to college by bus?
4. ‘yes/no’ negative question – Doesn’t he/she/it + present form of verb + information ?
e.g. Doesn’t she go to college by bus?
5. ‘’Wh’ word question – ‘Wh’ word + does + he/she/it + present form of the verb + information.
e.g. How does she go college?
NOTE: ‘s’ added to the verb when it is used with the third person –singular ( in present tense)
He/she/it include all nouns, pronouns, common nouns, proper nouns, collective nouns, noun phrases etc.(singular form )
‘Does’ is dropped in fast talk.
Model sentences
I work in a school my brother works in a bank.
Lara lives in London, her parents live in India.
John has shower every day. (has used as verb)
Jim has lunch at home(always).- has used as verb.
They have class daily, Their teacher teaches English.
I like tea, but my sister likes coffee.
Hans plays tennis, but his friends play cricket.
He works very hard, so he starts his work at 5.00 in the morning
She prays five times a day.
John never eats breakfast.
Rachel never skips lunch.
He always visits my home in the evening.
She often visits her aunt on Sundays.
Earth goes round the sun.
Water boils at 100 C
This bus goes to the railway station
Here shops open at 10.
My friend speaks four languages.
InBritainBanks open at 9 in the morning.
The reservation counter closes at 5 O’clock.
Here the food is nice but it costs 10$.
Negative sentences
I don’t like coffee but my brother likes it.
I don’t know French
She knows French but doesn’t know English
My children don’t waste money.
Julia doesn’t eat meat.
We don’t know the time of flight.
They like films, but they don’t go to theatre.
Questions ‘yes/no’
Do you know French? (‘do’ is dropped in fast talk)
Do you pray daily ?
Do you know Peter?
Do they know that today is the last working day? (‘they’ used as a link word)
Does John work hard? (not works hard)
Does she watch TV a lot (Yes, she does or no she doesn’t)
Do your friends speak English?
Does it rain a lot here? No, not much.
Questions ‘wh’
What do you do?/what’s your occupation? I work in a college.
Where do you work now a days? = where you work now a days? = What do you do now a days?
Where do your parents live? They live in Durban.
What does your friend, Alex do? He is a sales manager in Dell.
How often do you take tea? Every two hours.
How much does it cost? Around 400 $.
How often do you go to movies? Once in a month.
What does this word mean?
How do you know him? He is my classmate.
What time do you leave for office? = What time you leave for office?
What do you usually do at the week end? I watch TV programmes.
Note: In casual talk do is omitted.
Negative questions
Don’t you know him? He is a famous actor.
Don’t you know this place? Sorry I am not familiar with this place.
Don’t you have manners?
Don’t you have common sense?
Doesn’t she know that the train leaves at 2 O’ clock. (‘that’ is a link word)
Doesn’t Rachel know that I am in Dublin.(‘that’ is a link word)
Present tense used in Future plans
The president visits Texas next month.
She leaves for Paris tomorrow.
They start the business next week.
Question Tag
She likes soft drinks. Doesn’t she?
They go to office regularly. Don’t they?
Jack doesn’t drive . Does he?
She is cute. Doesn’t she?
News headlines
Minister attends security council meeting.
Clashes erupt again in ………..
Rebels declare truce in ……….
Washington and Moscow come closer on climate issues.
Gold rate nosedives.
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Short answers
She speaks five languages. Does she? Which ones
Joe doesn’t eat egg. Doesn’t he? Does he eat meat?
I Author books. Do you? what books?
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