Making sentences with the helping verbs (2) - B6

Making sentences with helping (Auxiliary) verbs am is are (2) 
am  is are  + Present participle verb forms                                            

I am writing, we are waiting, she is reading

Present participle verb forms are writing, seeing, eating, walking, driving, watching etc.

Helping Auxiliary Verbs 
Verbs like am,is are, was were, etc, are used to help or support the actions verbs , come, like , read etc. to make sentences. In this situation the Verbs am, is are are called helping or auxiliary verbs. 

Practical Usage

Action that is happening now and is not yet completed.

e.g. Jim is reading a news paper.

To say something that is going on  (not at the time of speaking)

e.g. John is studying in a college.

To say something planned in future.

 e.g. I am going to Perth tomorrow.

Usage with  always 

 e.g.  My aunt is always forgetting things/making mistakes.

We/you/they + are + present participle verb  (ing verb form) + information/news etc. –  e.g. They are waiting at the bus top. – simple sentence.

1.Simple sentence, message/information/declarative question etc.

Person	Singular	Plural
First	I am reading a book	We are reading a book
Second	You are reading a book	You are reading a book
Third	He/she/it is reading a book	They are reading a book

Note:

He includes all males names  e.g. Robert, Alex, Jim, and common nouns like President , Director, Chairman, Friend, Father, Uncle etc.

She includes all female names e.g. Elizabeth, Mary, and common nouns like President,  Director, Chairman, Friend, Mother, aunt etc.

It includes all types of nouns and pronouns (Singular form of things, animals etc.), & collective nouns (like team, army, group etc.)

They includes all types of nouns and pronouns (Plural form of things, people, animals etc.)    

He is studying in an Engineering college.

Rachel  is having dinner.

We are watching  TV , please don’t disturb.

I am having lunch, please call me later.

She is wearing a new dress.

I am learning English at AICE academy.

It’s raining, take an umbrella.

I am doing business, I am not studying.

Joe is having shower/bath. ( action is taking place at the time of talking)

They are swimming in the lake.

My grandfather is always forgetting things.

‘Excuse me you are sitting in my seat’, ‘Oh, I am sorry’

Where is Linda? she is in kitchen. What is she doing? She is cooking something.

2. Negative sentence

Person	Singular	Plural
First	I am not reading a book	We aren’t reading a book
Second	You aren’t  reading a book	You aren’t  reading a book
Third	He/she/it isn’t  reading a book	They aren’t  reading a book

Note: 

He includes all males names  e.g. Robert, Alex, Jim, and common nouns like President , Director, Chairman, Friend, Father, Uncle etc.

She includes all female names e.g. Elizabeth, Mary, and common nouns like President,  Director, Chairman, Friend, Mother, aunt etc.

It includes all types of nouns and pronouns (Singular form of things, animals etc.), collective nouns (like team, army, group etc.)

They includes all types of nouns and pronouns (Plural form of things, people, animals etc.)    

Sample sentences

Negatives

Shane is not having dinner, she is having coffee.

They are not, watching TV they are having tea.

She is not cooking, she is reading a news paper.

I am not waiting for the bus, I am waiting for my friend.

He is not sleeping, he is watching  TV.

3.‘yes/no’  question

Person	Singular	Plural
First	Am I reading a book?	Are we reading a book?
Second	Are you reading a book?	Are you reading a book?
Third	Is he/she/it  reading a book?	Are they reading a book?

Note:

He includes all males names  e.g. Robert, Alex, Jim, and common nouns like President , Director, Chairman, Friend, Father, Uncle etc.

She includes all female names e.g. Elizabeth, Mary, and common nouns like President,  Director, Chairman, Friend, Mother, aunt etc.

It includes all types of nouns and pronouns (Singular form of things, animals etc.), collective nouns (like team, army, group etc.)

They includes all types of nouns and pronouns (Plural form of things, people, animals etc.)    

Sample sentences

‘yes/no’ questions

Are you having lunch now? No, I am watching TV.

Are you waiting for Rachel? No I am waiting for the bus.

Is she feeling OK, Yes she is fine.

Is she preparing tea? Yes, For whom? For her friends.

Is it raining? No it isn’t.                                                                      

Is Albert  attending the class regularly? Yes he is.

Are you coming tonight? I am not sure.

Is you father working in a bank? Yes, Which bank? City bank, Where is it? At New Delhi.

4. Negative ‘yes/no’ question

Person	Singular	Plural
First	Aren’t I reading a book?	Aren’t we reading a book ?
Second	Aren’t you  reading a book?	Aren’t you  reading a book?
Third	Isn’t he/she/it reading a book?	Aren’t they reading a book?

Note:

He includes all males names  e.g. Robert, Alex, Jim, and common nouns like President , Director, Chairman, Friend, Father, Uncle etc.

She includes all female names e.g. Elizabeth, Mary, and common nouns like President,  Director, Chairman, Friend, Mother, aunt etc.

It includes all types of nouns and pronouns (Singular form of things, animals etc.), collective nouns (like team, army, group etc.)

They includes all types of nouns and pronouns (Plural form of things, people, animals etc.)    

Sample sentences

Negative questions (yes/no)

Aren’t you feeling well? (or) (= Are you not feeling well?)
Yes  I have a headache.

Isn’t she working in a bank? (= Is she not working in a bank?)
No, she is working in Railways.

 5. ‘wh’ question

Person	Singular	Plural
First	What am I doing?	What are we doing?
Second	What are you doing?	What are you doing?
Third	What is he/she/it doing?	What are they doing?

Note:

He includes all males names  e.g. Robert, Alex, Jim, and common nouns like President , Director, Chairman, Friend, Father, Uncle etc.

She includes all female names e.g. Elizabeth, Mary, and common nouns like President,  Director, Chairman, Friend, Mother, aunt etc.

It includes all types of nouns and pronouns (Singular form of things, animals etc.), collective nouns (like team, army, group etc.)

They includes all types of nouns and pronouns (Plural form of things, people, animals etc.)    

Sample sentences

‘wh’ questions

What is Ann doing?  She is having breakfast.

What are the students doing? They are playing.

Who are you waiting for? I am waiting for Paul.

What is Joe  having? Tea or coffee. Tea

Where is Kate ? She  is in the garden. What is she doing? Watering the plants.

NOTE: All the above five types can be uttered in  five or more moods of utterance.

More usage types

Future planning

I am having meeting tomorrow. Are you coming with me? Sorry I have work.

I am staying at home this evening, you can meet me at 8 tonight.

The president is coming next week.

What time are you leaving for New York ? At 6.00 this evening.

There is a cricket match tomorrow, but we are not going to the stadium.

Question tag

She is not coming with us. Is she?

They are not writing. Are they?

I  am writing ….. . Aren’t I?

They are cleaning the room. Aren’t they

President is coming tomorrow. Isn’t he/she

Short response

Are you reading that news paper? Yes I am/ No I am not.

Is she doing well. Yes she is/No she isn’t

Isn’t he doing well ? No, he isn’t

Aren’t they writing? Yes they are/No they aren’t

Aren’t you watching TV ? Yes I  am / No I am not.

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