If conditionals-31

             

                      

               Practical usage of  if conditionals

                                           

If I  had ……..I  would have ,  If   I were…… I would - Structures

  

NOTE: The opinion expressed in the following sentences is of author's.        

              

Prior Information

Present/past  form of the verb – In verbs go, went, and gone. ‘go’ is the present form and went is the past form of the verb

Subject:   The person or thing that we speak about in a sentence is called subject. A subject can be a noun,        

pronoun, common noun, collective noun adjectives etc. In the structures below we have used  pronouns as subjects. Subject normally comes at the beginning of a sentence. It is mor convenient  to make sentences if the subject is in the form of a pronoun.  When you make sentence always convert subject to it’s pronoun form mentally ( If the subject is not in the pronoun form). They are only nine pronouns (Personal) of the subjects namely I, we, you, he, she, it, they

Conditional Sentences          

This types of sentences tells us that something  will happened if certain condition is fulfilled

There are two parts in conditional sentence, namely if clause and main clause. Main clause is standalone clause ,the if clause is dependent clause (It depends on main clause to make itself sensible)

Look at this sentence

If  your share your wealth the national will prosper

There are two clauses  in the above sentence . If clause ( not underlined) and the main clause (underlined)

There are three types of conditionals namely open condition, unreal or imaginary condition and unfulfilled condition.

a. Open condition

In this type of condition, the condition may or not be fulfilled , it’s left open.

Structure: If clause contains present form of the verb. The main clause contains helping verb (will/shall, may ,can etc.) + other words. The reference is to present or future.

Model sentences

If Spain and Greece take realistic measures they can save EU .

Crisis in the Middle Ease can be diffused, if UN Secretary General intervenes.

If  you switch over to E-cigarettes you can minimize the health risk.

If  the dollar weakens further the gold will touch new heights.

If  China and India minimize  oil consumption the oil prices can brought down

If  Mitt Romney soften his stand on Taxes  he might gain more popularity.

If Mr. O’Malley wants to be Democratic nominee in 2016 he must be ready with new economic bailout plans and health insurance policies.

If you leave now, you can catch the train. Or  You can catch the train, if you leave now.

If she gets the admission she will join the course.

If his relatives arrive he may not come.

b. Unreal or imaginary condition

When we  talk about unreal or imaginary things we use this condition.  

Structure: If clause contain  past verb form or the verb were.  The main clause contains the helping verb like Should, could, would, might etc, + present verb form. The reference is to present or future.

Model sentences

If  The west cut emission the world would breath fresh air. (‘cut’ is present as well as past form of the verb)

If  Hillary were the president the US policies would be totally different.

If  Hong kong were under UK, It would feel the shocks of economic recession.

If  The space craft flew with the speed of light, it could reach the Mars in a few minutes.

If  I were you , I wouldn’t decline the offer.(Reference  to the present. With all subjects were is used.)

If they  started, now they might reach school in time.

c. Unfulfilled condition

This condition says the certain things didn’t  happen because certain conditions were not fulfilled.

Structure: If  clause contains had + Past perfect verb (e.g. Gone, called, slept, drunk, swum etc.) + other words. The main   clause contains should, could, would, might  + have + Past perfect verb + other words.

Model Sentences (If is optional in some cases)

Had European Central ban taken drastic measures, Spain and Italy wouldn’t have fallen into the debt trap.

Had Bill gate pursued studies, the world might have missed windows of the fresh air.

Had  Steve Jobs and Bill gate collaborated the world would have got a  better deal.

If the authorities  had taken adequate precautions the Colorado shooting could  have been avoided.

If  the director/produced  had not concede the Green’s demand, she wouldn’t have Played a role in Apparition.

(Ashley Green’s demand was that she wouldn’t be a typical scream queen.)

If he  had walked fast he would have caught the train.

If we had good rainfall, we would have saved the crops.                                                                                                                                            

              

it's usage (2) -30

        

                      

               Verb patterns  It’s (2) -  30                                 

Prior information 

BE = am, is, are, was, were, will/shall be                                  

Exclamatory sentence - A sentence that expresses exclamation.

To infinitive – to + base form of the verb like, go (to go,  to see, to watch etc.)

Phrase -  Group of words that make sense , but not  complete  sense. e.g. In the East., at the corner etc.

 What is a Gerund? – Base form of the verb + ‘ing’ going, sitting, watching etc.

It’s and its – Difference

it’s = it is 

its = Some thing belongs to someone (Thing)

Subject : We speak about someone or something in a sentence, The someone/something is called subject.

‘It’ Introduction: When subject of a sentence is infinitive or infinitive phrase it is preferred as an introductory subject

To start is the time for you

It’s time you started                           

Pattern A

‘It’ in exclamatory sentence.

What/how  + Noun / Adjective  + It + BE+ to infinitive phrase

(The source of the pattern is Guide to Patterns and usage in English By A.S. Hornby)      

The opinion expressed in the Following Sentences is of Blogger’s own.

What a pleasant surprise it was to see Julian Assange   in the  safe custody of   Ecquador.  Embassy in UK

What  a  pity it was to  hunt whales for their meat.

What a pity it is to tax the middle class.

How much wiser it would have been to relocate the Republican national Convention.
(The Tropical Storm Isaac Is approaching Tampa)

How much wiser it would have been for the banks to lend to genuine people.

(The recession could have been avoided)

How much wiser it would have been to cut carbon emission  some decades ago.

(The earth’s environment would n’t have suffered this much.)

How nice it is to chat with you online.

How nice it was to watch Britney in the new costume.

How nice  it was to see the  Koreas open their borders to their people

How dangerous It would have been to ignore  (Plugging of) North Sea oil spill

Pattern  B

It + BE  + adjective/noun + to infinitive phrase

(The source of the pattern is Guide to Patterns and usage in English By A.S. Hornby)      

It’s a pity to waste the huge sum  of money on Olympic by UK( In times of recession.)

It would be  grave mistake  to go for nuclear reactors for power.

It is a great relief to hear that Britain will not enter Ecuador embassy to seize Assange

It is so nice to hear that Jenifer Aniston is engaged t

It is a pity to watch Michael Jackson’s  family feud over his intellectual property.

It’s strange to see  Romney adopts hard posture against Obama

It’s a big relief to know that Egypt  will reopen crossing into Gaza.

Pattern C 
It  + BE + adjective/noun    Gerund phrase

(The source of the pattern is Guide to Patterns and usage in English By A.S. Hornby)      

It’s so nice rolling on beach sands

It’s was a difficult business (for US)  rallying  all Veto powers  against Syria.

It’s isn’t something big,  being  an Film actor.   

It wouldn't be sensible complaining to them (for every lapse)
It wasn't much use pretending before the Jury.

End of the Blog                       

                                                                                                                                                                                                  

                

                                   

                

                         

                                         

it's uage - 29

                                                   Verb Pattern                     

          It + BE + Noun/Adjective + Clause

Prior  information
Phrase : Group of words that make some sense but non complete sense

Caluse: Group words that contain Subject and Predicate 
Subject : We speak about someone or something in a sentence, The someone/something is called subject.
infinitive: base verb form like talk, see, watch etc. followed by to (to watch, to see, to talk)
it's = it is 
its = Some thing belongs to it

'It' Introduction: When subject of a sentence is infinitive or infinitive phrase it is preferred as an introductory subject

To start is the time for you
It's time you started. 

Be = am, is, are, was, were, will/shall be

Type - A (italics format denote clause)

It’s time US stopped free gun license.

It’s time the police arrested the temple attackers.

The president said ‘It’s time Americans stopped outsourcing the jobs.’

It’s high time the UN security council expanded

It’s right time the UN Sec General asserted his authority.

It’s high time  US and UK Stopped wild goose chase of Wikileakers.

It’s time EUs and US started cracking whip on erring banks.

Type B

It’s high time the UN forces were in Timbukto.

It’s high time  the army was in high alert.

It’s is time there were here.

Type C (that is often omitted)

It’s  strange  the Champions of freedom are after Julian Assagn

It was a pity Many top Athletes skipped London Olympics.

It’s was lucky the passengers escaped unhurt.

It’s is possible, he slipped into a neighbouring country.

It’s a good news that Curiosity sent Martian photographs.

It’s likely the will exchange vows soon (Will get marry)

Type D

It would be sad if the authorities did not release Punk Band girls.

It would be big mistake if super powers use their Veto power on new UN resolution on NPT coplaince.

It will be a great day  when peace treaty is signed by rebels and the Government.

It will be a long time before the troops return home.

It's In Ads and Slogans

It’s time you moved to high end apartment at affordable cost.- Moonscape  Builders, Manhattan.

It’s high time you were in Cool Bay resorts – Goa Beaches Beckons you.

It’s time you changed to integrated insurance Scheme – Call us to know more.

It’s time you joined us for high flying career. Nimbus Flying Academy.

It’s possible you missed our earlier message – Deadline extended for G card application, rush in with your residence proof.                                  

                                                                                                        

                

                                   

                

                         

Must - 28

                                                                                                                                                        

                         must  

Prior information                                               

What are auxiliary verbs?  Can,  could, may, might,  will, would, shall, should, must and ought are called auxiliary verbs. They are used with other verbs to add certain meaning like necessity obligation etc.

Base form of the verb – The base form of the verb go, went and gone is go

Short form of must not is mustn’t

Must doesn’t have Infinitive (to must) or participle (musting) or past (musted) form

Past and Past  participle form of verb – The past form of see is saw and participle form is seeing.

                              must usage

Must  is a modal auxiliary verb it is used to express obligation or necessity.

e.g. I must hurry (Otherwise I will miss the train)

       Joe must join the duty today. (Otherwise he will loose the job)

Must in questions

Must you pay the fee now?

Must they join tonight?

Must I Call him now?

Must in negatives     

She mustn’t  worry about the examination result.

You mustn’t touch the live wires

I mustn’t  forget to call Jim tonight.

Must be +  participle form

They must be joking = they have got to be joking

She must be hiding some vital information.

Must + have been

It must have been difficult for NATO forces to survive in Afghanistan.

It must have been terrible to see the burning plane.

I was told that you have been to Egypt. The visit must have been interesting.

Future obligation - equivalent of future must – will have to

Many European countries will have to face economic crisis (If they don’t  reform their financial system)

Shane will have to return by train, if she miss the last flight.

When you leave the college you will have to find a job.

Future obligation  - have got to

I have got to attend an interview next week .

I have got to see the dentist today. (I have severe tooth ache)

Past equivalent  of must  - had to

He had to walk three miles to school when he was ten years old.

We had to hire a cab last night. (We missed the last bus)

Must be + Past participle

Animals must be kept in special enclosures.

He must be woken up by 4 in the morning.  (otherwise he will miss the flight.)

Afghanistan must be the worst job for the US soldiers.

Must have + Past participle

There are no students in the class room. They must have left earlier.

I can’t find my diary here.  I must have kept it in the locker .

Must in orders

You must be here by noon tomorrow - Boss

Industries must improve their productivity (or face the penalty) - Government

Must and have got to

I must stop taking sugar (My strong desire)

I have got to stop taking sugar ( Doctor’s strong advice)

Must in negative conclusion.

She can’t be Joe’s sister.  (she is too young) - she mustn’t be Joe’s sister

They can’t be Americans. ( Their accent is British)                         

                                                                                                

                

                                   

                

                         

would usage-27

          

                          

                                                      Would 

Would is the  past equivalent of will  

   

Would + be - Predicting future action 

Jane  would be present in the office at 10 tomorrow.

Julia  would be 32 next month.

I wouldn’t be here tonight.

They would be tired after a long journey.

My aunt would be glad to see me tomorrow.

Would + action verb (Present form)

She wouldn’t listen to any one (habit)

She would read novels for hours  (habit)

He said he would pay the advance tax  this evening.

Would you like/lend/mind ?

Would you  like  some fruit juice.

Would you like mutton chops?

What would you like?  Cheese or  Yoghurt ? Cheese please

Would you lend me your laptop?

Would  you mind taking care of this child for a moment? 

I/we Would like to + action verb (Present form)

I would like to see Clara. Would you mind waiting for a few minutes? Of course, of course

Would you like to have coffee with her this evening? Yes, I would love to. (‘yes/no’ question )

Would you like to enjoy the breeze for some more time? I would love to.

What would you like to have for dinner? Pizza will do (‘wh’ question)

When would you like to visit here again? May be/perhaps  next week

I would like to speak to Jim for a moment please.

Would you mind taking care of this child  for a moment?

We would like to watch a film on TV to night.

Would with wish (Strong desire)

I wish she wouldn’t loose the match.

We wish the probe would land on Mars soon.

I wish we wouldn’t work on holidays.

I wish the child would be quiet

                                    

                

                                   

                

Past perfect-26

       

             

         Past perfect and past perfect continuous

                                                  

What are Tenses?
                              

Read The following sentences

He types fast.

He is typing fast.

He was typing fast.

He will be typing.

He has typed.

He has been typing.

In the above sentences the same verb  ‘type’ takes different forms

Tense of a verb  indicates the time of action (present/past/future etc.), it also shows continuation or completion of an action. Different tenses take different  verb forms .  Knowledge of tenses is very much  essential for sentence formation.  There are 12 tenses in English namely, present (simple), present continuous, present perfect, present perfect continuous, past (simple), past continuous, past perfect, past perfect continuous, future (Simple), future continuous, future perfect and future perfect continuous.

                                   PAST PERFECT TENSE

Prior Information

Subject: In a sentence doer of an action is called subject

Verb forms of see : see (Simple Present form), saw (Simple Past form) seen, (Past participle form)

                                 

When to use this tense?

When two activities  occur in the past, It is not clear ,which activity took place  earlier, to avoid this confusion t we use this tense.

Read this sentence

When Julia reached the station ,train had left / The Train had left when Julia reached the station.

First activity in the past – The train had left – Verb used here is past  participle form

Second activity  in the past – Julia reached the station – verb used here is Simple past form

Structure

There are two parts in this tense

Subject + simple past verb form + other words (First part). Subject +  had +  past participle verb form + other words (Second  part)

More sentences

When he reached the venue  the meeting  had already started.

The match had started before we entered the stadium.

He thanked me When I had given him the cash.

After they had gone, I sat  and rested (The noun rest I used as a verb)

They dressed after she had washed. (The noun dress is used as a verb)

The rebels had left, before the army arrived.

                     PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

       ALSO CALLED PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE

                                   

When to use this tense?

This Tense  is used mainly, to show that an action had been in progress, when something else has happened.

When Mr. John came to the school in 1975, Ms. Clara  had been  teaching

There  for 7 years.

Structure:

There are two parts in this tense:

Subject + Simple  Past form of the verb + Other words (First Part). + Subject +had been+  present participle form of the verb + other words (Second part)

More sentences.

We had been waiting for you for 2 hours when you came to see us yesterday.

She had been learning French for 7 years  when her brother joined the language training.

When I landed at Olympic Stadium, my friends had already been watching the events  for a week.

When Obama became the president the rebels  in Afghanistan  had been waging a war  for several years.