am is are
Prior information
Subject: The person or thing that we speak about in a sentence is called subject. A subject can be a noun, or a pronoun, or a common noun, or a collective noun or an adjective or a noun phrase. In the structures below we have used pronouns as subjects. Subject normally comes at the beginning of a sentence. It is more convenient to make sentences if the subject is in the form of a pronoun. Whey you make a sentence always convert subject to its pronoun form mentally ( If the subject is not in the pronoun form). They are only nine pronouns (Personal) of all the subjects in the world, namely I, we, you, he, she, it, they
Phrase: A group of words which makes sense but not a complete sense
Noun Phrase: Shane is a Teacher ( Shane = noun)
Shane the fair lady is a teacher (Shane the fair
lady = a noun phrase
Am/is/are: Helping verbs that denote state /existence/non existence description of someone/something
Yes/no question: The question for which the response would be either ‘yes’ or ‘no’
‘Wh’ question: The questions that start with ‘wh’ words, what/when/why/where/how etc.
First person : One who speaks.
Second person: One who is spoken to.
Third person : The person spoken of.
e.g. Obama Called Putin to discuss Middle east developments.
(Obama = first person, Putin = Second person, Syrian development = third Person)
NOTE: First , second and third person include both living and non living things.
Conversion of noun to pronoun
NOUN
Father
Mother
Teacher
President
Manager
Customer
Brother
Clerk
Driver
Friend
Students
Machine
animal
|
PRONOUN
He
She
He/she
He/she
He/she
He/she
He
He/she
He/she
He/she
They
It
It
|
NOUN
Pain
Fever
Crowd
Team
Nation
Herd
Audience
Water
Tea
House
Shops
Chairs
meeting
|
PRONOUN
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
They
They
It
|
Five types of important sentences in communication
1. Simple statement. 2. Negative sentences. 3. Yes/no question
4. Negative yes/no question. 5. wh question
The above five types of sentences can be used to convey most of our thoughts, intentions, messages etc.
1. Structure – Simple statement/information/message etc
Person Singular Plural
First I + am We + are
Second You + are You + are
Third He/she/it + is They + are
I am Shane.
I am 32.
He is married.
We are classmates
She is my cousin.
The weather is fine.
It’s very playful (it= a puppy)
2. Structure – Negative sentence
Person Singular Plural
First I + am + not We + are + not
Second You + are + not You + are + not
Third He/she/it + is + not They + are + not
He is not Jim.
I am not a student .
They aren’t Indians.
The president is not in the Capital
We are in office.
NOTE: are not = aren’t and is not = isn’t
3. Structure – ‘yes/no’ question
Person Singular Plural
First am + I are + we
Second are + you are + You
Third is + (He/she/it) are + They
Are you Clara?
Is she busy now?
Am I late today?
Is Joe in the office?
Are they ready to come?
4. Structure – ‘yes/no’ negative question
Person Singular Plural
First am + I + not are + we + not
Second are + you + not are + You + not
Third is + (He/she/it) + not are + They + not
NOTE: are we not = aren’t we, are you not = aren’t you, is he not = isn’t he, are they not = aren’t they
Aren’t you Lee?
Isn’t she an American?
Aren’t they busy?
Isn’t it right?
Isn’t he sure?
5. Structure – ‘wh’ question
Person Singular Plural
First ‘wh’+ am + I ‘wh’ + are + we
Second ‘wh’ + are + you ‘wh’ + are + You
Third ‘wh’ + is + (He/she/it) ‘wh’ + are + They
‘Wh’ indicates ‘wh’ question words like when, what, where, why etc.
Where is she?
How are you?
What is he?
Who are they?
Why is she late?
NOTE: ‘He’ and ‘she’ include all singular nouns, ‘it’ includes all collective nouns, proper nouns, common nouns etc. ‘they’ includes all plural nouns (related to he, she, and it)
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