Reported questions - 81

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                       REPORTED/INDIRECT - QUESTIONS

Joe asked Jim, “How are you?” (Direct speech)

Jim reports the matter to Shane in the following words.

Joe asked me, how I was? Joe asked me,  how was I?  (Indirect/reported speech)

To know more about Reported/Indirect speech please Click 68 

SAMPLE SENTENCES 

He asked her, “ where is the post office?”

He asked her, where the post office was?

She enquired him, “ where are you going now?”

She enquired him, where he was going then.

The teacher asked the student, “ why are you so sad?”

The teacher asked the student, why he/she was so sad. 

The librarian asked Joe, “Which book are you taking?”

The librarian asked Joe, “Which book  he was taking.” 

They said,” where shall we meet tonight?”

They said, where they  should meet that night.

A man asked his wife,” where has he (son) gone?”

A man asked his wife, where he had gone.

A clerk asked his manager,” What Shall I do?”

A clerk asked his manager, What he should do. 

Clara asked the floor manager,” Where  shall I sit?”

Clara asked the floor manager, where I should sit.

A stranger asked a boy” What is your name?”

A stranger asked a boy, What his name was.

The boss asked employees, “How are you?”

The boss asked employees, “ how we were. 

A mother asked her son,” How will you do your home work?”

A mother asked her son, how he would do his homework. 

The waiter asked a customer,” How do feel now?”

The waiter asked a customer, how he felt then.

The head teacher enquired a student,” Where were you yesterday?”

The head teacher enquired a student, where he/she was the day before.       

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Coffee invitation -80

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A AND B TALK ABOUT HAVING SOME COFFEE 

Type -1

A Shall we have some coffee?

B That’s good, I like hot coffee sips.

A Come on let’s have it at George’s(A coffee house/restaurant )

B  Good idea. (= It’s a good idea.)

Type – 2

A Would you like to have some coffee?

B  That sounds good, I should have some, I feel sleepy. But I don’t think we have a good cafeteria here.

A  We do have a good cafeteria Just Behind This building

B  That’s very nice (= that is very nice)

Type – 3

A  Come on  Buddy let’s have some hot stuff/drink

B  I think we should have some coffee.

A  You are right/that’s right/that’s a good idea.

Type – 4

A  How about a cup of coffee?

B  Sounds good,  I always enjoy coffee after work.

A  Shall we have it at the cafeteria downstrairs.

B  Let’s have it at the restaurant just across the road.

Type – 5

A Is there a restaurant over there? I feel hungry again.

B  Yes, there is one down the street.

A  Come let’s drop in there, and have some cookies and some coffee.

B  Good idea, let’s move.

Type -6

A Would you like to have some hot drink?

B  Thanks, I had tea just now with Clara. Or I would love to have.

A  How about some orange juice? .

B  That’s very nice.

Type – 7

A  It’s time to have some hot drink.
B  You are right.

B  What about hot coffee?
A  A good choice.

A  That’s a good  idea in this chill weather.(or)
     It's a good idea I fee tired now, I must have some hot coffee.

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        Expanded  Tenses (2) - 79

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Prior informationSubject, Verb, helping verb, First, second and Third person, noun types. Click Grammarmail.com  For Grammar basics.


What are Affirmative, Negative and Interrogative sentences?
Russia is the largest country in the world. (Affirmative)
China is not a small country.  (Negative sentence)
What is Alkali? ('wh' Interrogative sentence)
Are you Susan? ('yes/no' interrogative sentence)

Tenses Expansion

Knowledge of expanded Tenses is necessary to form Negative and Interrogative Sentences, if it doesn't have anomalous finite Verb.
NOTE: In Past tense 'did' (Helping verb) is used to expand the Past tense. Some people use expanded Tenses form, for asserting something


MODEL EXPANDED TENSES (Past tense)
She went to Thailand last week. ( Normal tense form)
She did go to Thailand last week. (Expanded Tense form).
She did went to Thailand last week.

We saw the boss in the morning. (Normal tense form)
We did see the boss in the morning. (Expanded tense form)
We did saw the boss in the morning.

Making different types of sentences  in the Past tense

MODEL - 1
He made a  mistake (Normal tense)
He did make a mistake (Expanded tenses)
He did not make a mistake (Negative sentence)
Did he make a mistake? (‘yes/no’ question)
Didn’t he make a mistake?(‘yes/no’ negative question)
What did he do? (‘Wh’ question)

MODEL-2
They met the president last week. (Normal tense)
They did meet the president last week.(Expanded tenses)
They didn’t meet the president last week.(Negative sentence)
Did they meet the president last week?(‘yes/no’ question)
Didn’t they meet the president last week?(‘yes/no’ negative question)
When did they meet the president? (‘Wh’ question)
Who did they meet last week? (‘Wh’ question)

MODEL -3
They had dinner at Blue diamonds.(Normal tense)
They did have dinner at Blue diamonds.(Expanded tenses)
They didn’t have dinner at Blue diamonds.(Negative sentence)
Did they have dinner at blue diamonds? (‘yes/no’ question)
Didn’t they have dinner at Blue diamonds?(‘yes/no’ negative question)
Where did they have dinner? (‘Wh’ question)


End of the post  

                                                  

           Expanded  Tenses - 78

           

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Prior informationSubject, Verb, helping verb, First, second and Third person, noun types. Click Grammarmail.com  For Grammar basics.


What are Affirmative, Negative and Interrogative sentences?
Russia is the largest country in the world. (Affirmative)
China is not a small country.  (Negative sentence)
What is Alkali? ('wh' Interrogative sentence)
Are you Susan? ('yes/no' interrogative sentence)


Tenses Expansion
Knowledge of expanded Tenses is necessary to form Negative and Interrogative Sentences, if it doesn't have anomalous finite Verb.

They go to church every Sunday.  (Usual form)
They do go to church every Sunday.  (Expanded form)

NOTE: In Present tense do/does (Helping verbs) are used to expand the Present tense. Some people use expanded Tenses form, for asserting something.


Usage of do/does with different Subjects.
I/we/you/they + do
He/she/it + does

NOTE: 'it' includes all collective nouns, pronouns, things (Singular) etc. They includes all plural nouns/things etc.

Model sentences (Usual and expanded Tenses)

We meet her daily.
We do meet her daily.

John speaks French.
John does speak French.

Shane works in a bank.
Shane does work in a bank.

The river Flows swiftly.
The river does flow swiftly.

They work till midnight.
They do work till midnight.

Making negatives and interrogatives (With expanded Tenses)

She knows German (Usual Tense form)  
She does know German (Expanded Tense form)
She doesn't know German. (Negative sentence)
Does she know German? ('yes/no' question)
What language does she know?  ('wh' question)


They play Chess well (Usual tense form)
They do play chess well (Expanded Tense form)
They don't (do not) play chess well. (Negative sentence)
Do they play chess well. ('yes/no' Interrogative sentence)
What (Game) do they play well? ('wh' interrogative sentence)

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Questions in present tense (2) - 77

Questions in Present Tense - 2

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Prior information

Subject, Verb, helping verb, First, second and Third persontypes.
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Present Tense is used to express
1. Universal truth/facts
e.g. The water boils at 100C

2. What is taking place at the moment (But not continuous action),

   e.g. There he catches the ball.
Here she comes.     

3. To express habits,

e.g. She visits church every day.

He reads news paper every morning.

4. To express future actions,

e.g. U.K. Goes to polls next year.

The president arrives tomorrow.

5. During narratives and commentaries,

e.g. Now the hero picks up the sword.

Snow white hides behind the bush.

The captain retires the first player.

Making wh questions in Present Tense (With different subjects)

The question  which requires full answer is called wh question

e.g. Where do you live?  I live in Texas.

Wh  question pattern (This pattern needs wh word  + helping verb do/does for making questions)

Person      Singular                  Plural

First          How do + I                    how do + we

Second     How do + you               How do + you

Third        How does + He/she/it     How does + they

NOTE:  He/She includes all singular nouns. It includes, collective nouns, abstract nouns etc. They include all

plural nouns.

Making Wh questions in Present Tense (With different subjects)

The questions for which requires full answer by the listener is called wh question.

e.g. Who is that man?

He is the CEO of this company.

Wh  question pattern (This pattern needs wh question word + helping verb do/does for making questions)

Wh = What, when, where, why, which, how, how much, how many, how far etc.

Person      Singular                              Plural

First         How + do + I                          How +  do + we

Second   How do + you                        How do  + you

Third       How does + He/she/it      How do + they

NOTE:  He/She includes all singular nouns. It includes, collective nouns, abstract nouns etc. They include all  plural nouns.

When do you visit your parents? Once in a week.

How do you open this door? By pressing the first button.

Why do we need this?

How much does it cost? How much does it costs?

Where does she live? Where does she lives.

How do you know Clara? She is my classmate.

Where do you go this evening?

Why do you ask  this question?

What does the manager want?

What does Delphi mean? What does Delphi means?

Where do you stay? At Blue hills.

How do you manage this situation?

How long do we have  to wait?

Who do you want to talk to?

Where does she want to go to?

What dos she want? What does she wants?

What time does the president come? What time does the president comes?

Making question with wh question word as a subject

What type of PC last longer?

How many employees work here?

Which costs more, this one or that one?

What happened to you? Nothing.

How much water has gone waste? Not much. 

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Questions in present tense (1) - 76

    Questions in Present Tense -1

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Prior information

Subject, Verb, helping verb, First, second and Third persontypes.
Click Grammarmail.com  For Grammar basics

Present Tense is used to express
1. Universal truth/facts
e.g. The water boils at 100C

2. What is taking place at the moment (But not continuous action),
e.g. There he catches the ball.
Here she comes.

3. To express habits,
e.g. She visits church every day.
He reads news paper every morning.

4. To express future actions,
e.g. U.K. Goes to polls next year.
The president arrives tomorrow.

5. During narratives and commentaries,
e.g. Now the hero picks up the sword.
Snow white hides behind the bush.
The captain retires the first player.

Making yes/no questions in Present Tense (With different subjects)
The questions for which the answer is either yes/no are called yes/no questions
e.g. Are you Jim? Yes I am.

Yes/no question pattern (This pattern needs helping verb do/does for making questions)

Person      Singular                  Plural
First          Do + I                           Do + we
Second    Do + you                     Do + you
Third       Does + He/she/it     Do + they

NOTE:  He/She includes all singular nouns. It includes, collective nouns, abstract nouns etc. They include all
plural nouns.

Do you play table tennis? Yes I do./ No I don’t.
Do they know French? Yes they do./No they don’t.
Do I have fever doctor? Yes you do./No you don’t.
Do we have English Class today? Yes you do./No you don’t. or Yes we do.? No we don’t
Does she have any work today? Yes she does./No she doesn’t.
Does she has any work today?
Does John go to the school regularly? (Yes he does./No he doesn’t)
Does John goes to the school regularly?
Does this train stop at Green hills? Yes it does./No it doesn’t.
Do your parents live in Sydney? Yes they do./ No they don’t
Does your sister work in City Bank? No she doesn’t./ She works in State Bank.

In casual talks do/does is omitted. These type of questions are called declarative questions
You work in Air Malaysia?
She goes to College every week?
They work hard?
.   

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Adding 's' to a verb - 75

               Adding 's' to a verb

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When we speak, we speak about something or someone (person, weather, news etc.) This someone/something is called Subject. A subject has three forms namely First person, Second person and Third person. (Person includes living/non livings and plurals).  The list of the subjects is endless so we use subject pronoun instead of using the subject for convenience.                                                                                                                     

Conversion of subject to Subject pronoun 

Father (subject) = he (pronoun
Mother = she
Teacher = he/she
President = he/she
Manager = he/she
Customer = he/she Path
Brother = he
Clerk = he/she
Driver = he/she
Friend = he/she
Students = he/she
Machine = it
Animal = it
Pain = it
Crowd = it
Team= it
Nation = it
Audience = it
Chairs = they
Customers = they
Earth = it
Sky = it


FIRST SECOND AND THIRD PERSON
The speaker is the First person.
The listener is the Second person.
The person/thing about which the speaker or listener talks about is called Third person.

Look at these sentences
David and Shane work in a bank.
Jim works in a store.


NOTE:
‘s’ is added to a verb , when the verb is used in present tense form  with the third person.  Jim is the third person (he), so ‘s’ is added to the verb work. ( the verb work is in present form, it’s past form is worked and past participle form is also worked)


e.g. verb = work
Person          Singular                 Plural
First                  I work                      we work     
Second            You work                You work
Third                He/she/it works   They work


MORE SENTENCES
She walks faster than her friend.
They work from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m.
Shane watches TV in the evening.
The plane lands safely.
She always skips breakfast,
They never miss lunch.
It (machine) runs for 30 hours continuously.
Australia (Team) loses to England (Team) in at Sydney.
The crowd gathers near presidential palace.
I work in a College, my sister works in a Law firm.
I study in a business school, my friend studies in a law school.
This shop opens at 10 in the morning.   

End of the post